AHEAD European Archive of Historical EArthquake DataEuropean Archive of Historical EArthquake Data
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Rovida A., Antonucci A., 2021. EPICA - European PreInstrumental earthquake CAtalogue, version 1.1. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). https://doi.org/10.13127/epica.1.1 [link
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| DataDate | 1755-11-01 09:30 | |||
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36.500, -10.000 | |||
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49.9, 49.9 | |||
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► 128 MDPs Imax 10 MMI Sousa Moreira, 1984 | |||
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Sousa Moreira V.J., 1984. Sismicidade historica de Portugal continental. Revista Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica, Lisboa, 79 pp. [Other earthquakes from this study ] |
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| Mw | 8.50 ± 0.30 | |||
| Catalogue | DataDate | Lat | Lon | H | M | Io | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHEEC | 1755-11-01 09:30 | 36.500 | -10.000 | -- | Mw 8.50 | -- | Sousa Moreira, 1984 | ||
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Stucchi M., Rovida A., Gomez Capera A.A., Alexandre P., Camelbeeck T., Demircioglu M.B., Gasperini P., Kouskouna V., Musson R.M.W., Radulian M., Sesetyan K., Vilanova S., Baumont D., Bungum H., Fäh D., Lenhardt W., Makropoulos K., Martinez Solares J.M., Scotti O., Živcic M., Albini P., Batllo J., Papaioannou C., Tatevossian R., Locati M., Meletti C., Viganò D., Giardini D., 2013. The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1000-1899. Journal of Seismology, 17, 2, 523-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-012-9335-2 [link ] [Other earthquakes from this study ] |
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Sousa Moreira V.J., 1984. Sismicidade historica de Portugal continental. Revista Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica, Lisboa, 79 pp. |
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| SisFrance, 2010 | 1755-11-01 09:30 | 37.000 | -10.000 | -- | -- | 10-11 | -- | ||
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BRGM-EDF-IRSN/SisFrance, 2010. Histoire et caractéristiques des séismes ressentis en France. [link ] [Other earthquakes from this study ] |
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| Pelaez et al., 2007 | 1755-11-01 10:16 | 36.500 | -10.000 | -- | Mw 8.70 | 10 | Martinez S. & M., 2002 | ||
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Peláez J.A., Chourak M., Tadili B.A., Aït Brahim L., Hamdache M., López Casado C., Martínez Solares J.M., 2007. A Catalog of Main Moroccan Earthquakes from 1045 to 2005. Seismological Research Letters, 78, 6, 614-621. https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.78.6.614 [link ] [Other earthquakes from this study ] |
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Martinez Solares J.M., Mezcua Rodriguez J. (eds), 2002. Catalogo sismico de la Peninsula Iberica (880 a.C.-1990). IGN, Madrid, Monografía Núm. 18, 254 pp. [link ] |
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| Vilanova & Fo., 2007 | 1755-11-01 09 | 36.000 | -10.500 | -- | Mw 8.50 | -- | -- | ||
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Vilanova S.P., Fonseca J.F.B.D, 2007. Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Assessment for Portugal. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97, 5, 1702-1717. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050198 [link ] [Other earthquakes from this study ] |
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| Martinez S. & M., 2002 | 1755-11-01 10:16 | 36.500 | -10.000 | -- | Mw 8.50 | 10 | -- | ||
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Martinez Solares J.M., Mezcua Rodriguez J. (eds), 2002. Catalogo sismico de la Peninsula Iberica (880 a.C.-1990). IGN, Madrid, Monografía Núm. 18, 254 pp. [link ] [Other earthquakes from this study ] |
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| Martins & M. V., 2001 | 1755-11-01 09:40 | 37.000 | -10.500 | -- | MM 8.50 | -- | Mezcua, 1982 | ||
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Martins I., Mendes-Víctor L.A., 2001. Contribuiçao para o estudo da sismicidade da regiao oeste da peninsula iberica, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Geofisico do Infante D. Luis, Publ. N. 25, 67 pp. [link ] [Other earthquakes from this study ] |
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Mezcua J., 1982. Catalogo General de Isosistas de la Peninsula Iberica. IGN, Madrid, 320 pp. [link ] |
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catalogo parametricoparametric catalogue
Download the parameters from all catalogues as QuakeML XML
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Fonseca, J. F. B. D., 2020. A Reassessment of the Magnitude of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 110 (1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190198
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake is still poorly understood due to its offshore location and complex macroseismic intensity pattern. Gutenberg and Richter (1949) tentatively assigned a magnitude between 8¾ and 9 judging from an estimated perceptibility radius of 2500 km. More recent attempts to estimate the magnitude from isoseismal areas led to results in the 8.5–8.7 range. These values have been adopted in several studies of the seismic hazard of southwest Iberia. In this article, I use the available macroseismic data—a total of 1206 data points from Portugal, Spain, and Morocco—to reassess the magnitude of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Because a training set of instrumental earthquakes was not available, I apply the technique of Bakun and Wentworth (1997) in conjunction with the ground‐motion model of Atkinson and Wald (2007), which was selected through comparison with the 1969 M 7.8 Gorringe bank earthquake data. I obtain a moment magnitude of 7.7±0.5, significantly lower than previous results. The epicentral location obtained with this analysis is offshore southwest Iberia—as expected given the tsunami effects—but poorly constrained. Based on the pattern of intensity data outliers, I suggest that the source was complex and spatially distributed, with part of the rupture taking place onshore or inshore. I propose an explanation for the large tsunamigenic power of the earthquake, which invokes the basal rupture of the Gulf of Cadiz accretionary prism. Finally, I discuss the implications for hazard assessment of the type of complex rupture proposed.
1 novembre 17551 November 1755
Lisbon
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1205 MDPs
Imax 10 MMI
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BRGM-EDF-IRSN/SisFrance, 2016. Histoire et caractéristiques des séismes ressentis en France.
1 novembre 17551 November 1755
ATLANTIQUE (W. LISBONNE)
68 MDPs
Imax 10-11 MSK-64 |
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BRGM-EDF-IRSN/SisFrance, 2014. Histoire et caractéristiques des séismes ressentis en France. http://www.sisfrance.net/
1 novembre 1755, 09:301 November 1755, 09:30
ATLANTIQUE (W. LISBONNE)
68 MDPs
Imax 10-11 MSK-64
between 9 h 30 min and 10 h
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BRGM-EDF-IRSN/SisFrance, 2010. Histoire et caractéristiques des séismes ressentis en France.
1 novembre 1755, 09:301 November 1755, 09:30
ATLANTIQUE (W. LISBONNE)
68 MDPs
Imax 10-11 MSK
between 9 h 30 min and 10 h
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Instituto Geografíco Nacional, 2010. Bases de datos macrosísmica. Macroseismic Data Points available at http://www.ign.es/ign/layoutIn/bdmacrosismica.do
1 novembre 1755, 10:161 November 1755, 10:16
SW. Cabo San Vicente
1214 MDPs
Imax 7-8 EMS |
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Levret A., 1991. The effects of the November 1, 1755 "Lisbon" earthquake in Morocco. Tectonophysics, 193, 1-3, 83-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90190-4
1 novembre 17551 November 1755
Lisbon
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13 MDPs
Imax 8-9 MSK
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Sousa Moreira V.J., 1984. Sismicidade historica de Portugal continental. Revista Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica, Lisboa, 79 pp.
1 novembre 1755, 09:301 November 1755, 09:30
Lisboa
►
128 MDPs
Imax 10 MMI
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Studies temporarily added by the userStudi aggiunti temporaneamente dall'utente |
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Create a seismicity buffer
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| Year Mo Da Ho Mi Se | Epicentral area | NMDP | Lat | Lon | Io | Mw |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1009 | Offshore Portugal | 36.000 | -10.700 | |||
| 1024 | Andalucia | 37.600 | -5.300 | |||
| 1079 09 01 | Seville | 1 | 37.387 | -5.991 | 7 | 5.11 |
| 1146 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1290 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1309 02 22 05 30 | Offshore Portugal | 36.000 | -11.000 | 7.00 | ||
| 1318 09 21 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 6-7 | 4.79 | |
| 1321 12 09 07 30 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 6-7 | 4.79 | |
| 1344 | Benavente | 1 | 38.700 | -9.200 | ||
| 1356 08 24 | SW Cabo San Vicente | 5 | 36.000 | -10.700 | 8-9 | 7.50 |
| 1357 05 14 | Andalucia Occidental | 2 | 37.638 | -5.383 | 8-9 | 6.10 |
| 1395 08 20 15 | Coimbra.PORT | 40.167 | -8.500 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1480 | [Portugal?] | 39.000 | -9.000 | |||
| 1494 01 26 20 | Sur de Málaga | 11 | 36.732 | -4.408 | 7-8 | 5.69 |
| 1504 04 05 09 | Carmona | 12 | 37.598 | -5.725 | 8 | 6.03 |
| 1504 06 21 23 | Carmona.SE | 37.383 | -5.467 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1528 03 12 08 30 | Alcobaça | 1 | 39.549 | -8.982 | 6 | 4.73 |
| 1531 01 26 04 | Lisbon | 32 | 39.002 | -8.889 | 9 | 6.70 |
| 1568 04 17 | Evora | 38.500 | -8.000 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1575 06 07 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1581 06 18 07 30 | Málaga | 2 | 36.722 | -4.419 | 7 | 5.35 |
| 1598 07 28 17 30 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1607 03 15 | Lisboa.PORT | 38.700 | -9.200 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1636 10 12 | Sevilla | 37.400 | -6.000 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1663 10 16 | Fès | 35.530 | -5.190 | 7 | 5.20 | |
| 1680 10 09 07 | NW. de Málaga | 38 | 36.695 | -4.643 | 8-9 | 6.30 |
| 1693 06 07 | Sevilla | 37.400 | -6.000 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1699 10 27 | [Lisboa] | 38.700 | -9.200 | 4.00 | ||
| 1719 03 06 05 | Portimao.PORT | 6 | 37.133 | -8.500 | 6-7 | 4.79 |
| 1722 08 29 05 15 | Málaga | 2 | 36.722 | -4.419 | 5-6 | 4.59 |
| 1722 12 27 | Algarve | 9 | 36.400 | -7.766 | 8 | 6.50 |
| 1724 02 27 06 30 | Sevilla | 1 | 37.387 | -5.991 | 5-6 | 4.13 |
| 1724 10 12 02 45 | [Océano Atlántico] | 39.000 | -12.500 | 7.00 | ||
| 1732 01 10 09 | Sevilla | 37.400 | -6.000 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1734 02 02 | Mar.Sul | 37.000 | -8.100 | 5.00 | ||
| 1736 10 06 19 30 | [Algarve] | 37.100 | -8.500 | 5.00 | ||
| 1739 10 25 00 30 | [Algarve] | 37.100 | -8.500 | 5.00 | ||
| 1748 01 24 01 30 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 4 | 3.15 | |
| 1748 09 22 09 30 | Sevilla | 1 | 37.387 | -5.991 | 5-6 | 4.13 |
| 1750 05 09 | Huelva | 1 | 37.261 | -6.949 | 7 | 5.11 |
| 1755 11 01 09 30 | Lisboa | 128 | 36.500 | -10.000 | 8.50 | |
| 1756 12 08 | 38.400 | -9.100 | 4.00 | |||
| 1757 01 16 02 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1757 03 18 05 30 | Cascais | 38.600 | -9.300 | 7 | 5.11 | |
| 1757 10 10 18 30 | Alentejo | 38.700 | -7.500 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1758 07 03 00 45 | 38.700 | -9.200 | 4.30 | |||
| 1759 04 25 | 38.700 | -9.200 | 4.30 | |||
| 1760 08 | 38.700 | -9.200 | 4.30 | |||
| 1761 03 31 12 15 | SW Cabo San Vicente | 77 | 36.000 | -10.500 | 7.50 | |
| 1761 04 01 22 | SW. Cabo San Vicente | 36.800 | -9.383 | |||
| 1761 04 02 05 | 38.700 | -9.200 | 4.30 | |||
| 1763 10 11 08 15 | SW. Cabo San Vicente | 36.500 | -10.000 | |||
| 1764 12 26 11 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1768 06 09 02 24 | 38.700 | -9.200 | 4.30 | |||
| 1769 02 06 14 30 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1772 04 05 23 59 | 38.000 | -9.000 | 4.00 | |||
| 1772 04 10 07 | SW. Cabo San Vicente | 36.500 | -10.000 | |||
| 1773 04 12 05 15 | Golfo de Cádiz | 16 | 35.519 | -6.812 | 6.07 | |
| 1777 10 01 06 | Sintra.PORT | 38.833 | -9.450 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1791 11 27 22 30 | Prox.Baja | 38.000 | -7.900 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1795 11 28 01 45 | 38.700 | -9.200 | 4.30 | |||
| 1796 01 17 05 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1796 01 27 05 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1807 06 06 16 | [Lisboa] | 38.700 | -9.200 | 5.00 | ||
| 1809 10 25 21 50 | 39.700 | -9.200 | 4.30 | |||
| 1816 02 02 00 45 | Océano Atlántico | 37.000 | -15.000 | 6 | 7.00 | |
| 1822 09 29 05 56 | E. Estrecho Gibraltar | 36.000 | -5.083 | 5-6 | 4.52 | |
| 1827 12 13 04 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 5-6 | 4.13 | |
| 1836 05 30 11 | Córdoba | 37.883 | -4.783 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1841 08 03 22 10 | N. Huelva | 16 | 37.588 | -6.492 | 5 | 4.61 |
| 1842 08 14 23 30 | Cascais | 38.600 | -9.400 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1847 07 28 23 30 | Villanueva de Córdoba | 22 | 37.926 | -5.584 | 5-6 | 4.84 |
| 1847 12 17 08 15 | [Lisboa] | 38.700 | -9.200 | 4.00 | ||
| 1851 09 13 21 30 | Evora | 38.500 | -8.000 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1856 01 12 11 20 | 37.100 | -8.000 | 5.50 | |||
| 1856 06 02 22 50 | Sevilla | 37.400 | -6.100 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1857 04 13 | Olivenza | 38.683 | -7.100 | 5-6 | 4.13 | |
| 1857 11 19 08 25 | [Océano Atlántico] | 40.000 | -12.000 | 6.50 | ||
| 1858 01 18 | Villanueva de Algaidas | 37.183 | -4.450 | 5-6 | 4.52 | |
| 1858 07 15 00 | Évora | 8 | 39.721 | -8.292 | 4 | 3.47 |
| 1858 11 11 06 | [Setúbal] | 38.200 | -9.000 | 4.50 | ||
| 1858 11 11 07 15 | Setúbal | 16 | 38.244 | -8.802 | 9 | 6.80 |
| 1859 03 09 19 | 37.200 | -7.600 | 4.30 | |||
| 1860 03 12 03 | Málaga | 36.750 | -4.416 | 5-6 | 4.52 | |
| 1862 08 22 17 | Villanueva de San Juan | 37.050 | -5.166 | 7 | 5.35 | |
| 1877 10 25 06 48 | Océano Atlántico | 15 | 40.433 | -10.000 | 5 | 5.90 |
| 1879 04 03 02 10 | El Puerto de Sta. María.CA | 36.600 | -6.233 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1880 10 21 06 41 | 88 | 40.264 | -7.649 | 7 | 5.23 | |
| 1883 10 20 00 45 | Golfo de Cádiz | 21 | 36.980 | -6.706 | 5.33 | |
| 1883 12 22 03 29 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 5 | 3.80 | |
| 1884 12 22 03 29 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | |||
| 1890 02 21 | Batalha | 39.700 | -8.900 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1891 08 22 04 30 | Lisboa | 38.700 | -9.200 | 5-6 | 4.13 | |
| 1892 09 30 00 20 | Golfo de Cádiz | 37.000 | -7.000 | 5-6 | 4.13 | |
| 1894 10 18 | Guadalcazar | 37.766 | -4.950 | 5-6 | 4.13 | |
| 1896 10 30 08 50 | Algarve (?) | 37.500 | -8.200 | 6 | 4.46 | |
| 1896 12 20 | Gaucín.MA | 36.516 | -5.316 | 5 | 4.25 | |
| 1897 01 28 18 15 | Antequera.MA | 37.016 | -4.550 | 5 | 4.25 | |
| 1899 08 13 21 | 38.900 | -9.300 | 5.70 |
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Maramai, A., Graziani, L., Brizuela, B. (2019). Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue (EMTC), version 2.0. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). https://doi.org/10.13127/TSUNAMI/EMTC.2.0 ► AbstractA unified catalogue containing 293 tsunamis generated in the European and Mediterranean seas since 6150 B.C. to current days is presented. It is the result of a systematic and detailed review of all the regional catalogues available in literature covering the study area, each of them having their own format and level of accuracy. The realization of a single catalogue covering a so wide area and involving several countries was a complex task that posed a series of challenges, being the standardization and the quality of the data the most demanding. A “reliability” value was used to rate equally the quality of the data for each event and this parameter was assigned based on the trustworthiness of the information related to the generating cause, the tsunami description accuracy and also on the availability of coeval bibliographical sources. Following these criteria we included in the catalogue events whose reliability ranges from 0 (“very improbable tsunami”) to 4 (“definite tsunami”). About 900 documentary sources, including historical documents, books, scientific reports, newspapers and previous catalogues, support the tsunami data and descriptions gathered in this catalogue. As a result, in the present paper a list of the 290 tsunamis with their main parameters is reported. The online version of the catalogue, available at http://roma2.rm.ingv.it/en/facilities/data_bases/52/catalogue_of_the_euro-mediterranean_tsunamis, provides additional information such as detailed descriptions, pictures, etc. and the complete list of bibliographical sources. Most of the included events have a high reliability value (3= “probable” and 4= “definite”) which makes the Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue an essential tool for the implementation of tsunami hazard and risk assessment.
▼ Descrizione dell'eventoEvent description Earthquake coordinates and origin time from the IGN seismic catalogue (Instituto Geografico Nacional). Earthquake magnitude and intensity (MSK scale) from Baptista et al. (2003a). Catastrophic earthquake, with tsunami observed all over the north Atlantic area (from Barbados to Cornwall). Tsunami descriptions from all over Europe, but the most important reports from Portugal, Spain and Morocco. It is believed to be one of the strongest earthquakes ever reported (Richter, 1958, assigned it magnitude 8.25-8.75). Lisbon downtown was completely destroyed by the earthquake and flooded by the tsunami. Number of casualties due to the tsunami were more than 900. Max water elevation > 6 m; wave period 10 min, penetration distance 250-300 m, first movement positive, (Baptista et al., 1998). Baptista and Miranda (2009) report that at Lisbon estuary the water in the sea rose several times, and in a few minutes made three fluxes and refluxes rising above the highest spring tide two spans or fifteen English feet. “[. . . ] the sea retreated, showing its bottom along the margins never seen before” (Mendonca, 1758). According to an anonymous letter dated the 18 November 1755 (Nozes, 1990). “[. . . ] suddenly I heard a great uproar: “the sea is rising” [. . . ] suddenly an enormous water mass appeared at a close distance rising like a mountain [. . . ]”. Three years later, Mendonca (1758) describes: “[. . . ] all of a sudden the sea entered the bar with a furious inundation [. . . ] however crossing the previous limits, overtopped many buildings and inundated Sao Paulo quarter [. . . ]”. Silva (1756) describes “[. . . ] it flooded in some places with its flux and reflux [. . . ] the Custom House, the Terreiro and the Vedoria [. . . ]”. These (and similar) descriptions allow to conclude that the water invaded Lisbon downtown in approximately 250 m, being contained partially by the old city wall built by King D. Fernando. Max water elevation >5 m, three waves, first movement positive. Along the south Portuguese coast (Algarve) several dwellings disappeared. At Lagos the sea flooded the shore with wave heights of 7 varas ~ 8 m (1 vara ~ 1.1m) destroying the city walls, D.J. M.F. (1756). The sea penetrated more than half a league carrying small boats, destroying crops, a small chapel and a bridge. The run up height was 11 meters, at the city walls. The sea destroyed the city walls in different places running into the city for more than 50 “passos”. Run-up 8-11 m at city walls, run-in 700-900 m (Baptista and Miranda, 2009). At Cape San Vicente three waves, max water elevation 30 m, max withdrawal 2500 m, first movement positive. Reports describe 10-15m waves at Cape St. Vincent and along the Gulf of Cadiz (Baptista and Miranda, 2009). At Sagres max water elevation 10-30 m, first movement negative. At Boca do Rio max water elevation 11-13 m, max withdrawal 2500 m, first movement positive. At Porto the river rose and fell surprisingly every quarter of an hour, for upwards of four hours at least, for or five feet, and sometimes more (Ellicot, 1757). In the Gentlemen's magazine we can read: “[. . . ] The effect it had on the river was amazing; the tide rose considerably higher than was ever known except in case of flood; and the flux and reflux was so sudden, that in a minute or two it rose and fell five or six feet and continued for two or three hours. “[. . . ] It ran up at the first with so much violence that it broke a Dutchman's hawser. Two of our Brazil fleet were going out, and had got to the bar, but the sea was so violently affected, that it forced them in again; they ran foul of each other, and were greatly damaged. The agitation was so great in the sea about a league beyond the bar, that, ‘tis imagined the air got vent there“[. . . ] (Urban, 1755). Maximum water elevation 1.2-1.5 m. Three waves, first sea movement positive (Baptista and Miranda, 2009). According to Baptista and Miranda (2009), the Gentleman's Magazine of 1755 quotes a letter dated 4 December from Utrecht where we can read that in Setubal: “[. . . ] Letters by the last post advice that no traces are left of St Ubes [Setubal], the repeated shocks and the vast surf of the sea having jointly concurred to swallow it up. It could the less withstand them, as it was situate at the head of a little gulf formed by the tide at the mouth of the [Sado] . . . ” (Urban, 1755). The Sea destroyed the city walls entering the city almost a quarter of a mile, carrying the boats to the streets (in Pereira de Sousa, 1919). The sea carried 2 boats for more than 50 steps (_45 m) in land. At Figueira maximum water elevation 8m, three waves run-in 30-40 m, first movement positive. Baptista and Miranda (2009), quoting the Arquivos do Ministério do Reino (1756), report that by 10 o'clock and a quarter of the day, it started rising such water mounts [. . . ] growing above the natural order 44 palms, more or less [. . . ] for 3 or 4 times [. . . ] uncovering rocks and sand never seen before [. . . ]. At Oeiras Camaxide three waves, max water elevation 7 m first movement positive, one victim. At Madeira Baptista and Miranda (2009) report that about an hour and a half after the shock had ceased, the sea, which was calm was observed to retire suddenly some paces then suddenly advancing, overflowed the shore, and entered into the city. It arose full fifteen feet perpendicular above high water mark (...)” (Heberden, 1756) [. . . ] the sea all on a sudden rises as though it were the main body of it. At Machico and Porto da Cruz when the sea recoiled, it was so far from its usual limits, as to discover the foundation of rocks, that never had been seen and which lay as far distant from the shore as our islet [. . . ] the distance referred from the shore to the islet, something more than 200 yards (Chambers, 1757). ) At Madeira max water elevation 4.5 m, first sea movement positive. At Porto Santo max water elevation 4.5 m, first movement negative, run-in 400m, travel time 90 min (Baptista et al., 1998). Baptista and Miranda (2009), quoting Anais de Porto Santo, in Pereira de Sousa (1919) report that the sea come out of its ordinary limits, about 10 o'clock, in the morning, running in a quarter mile [. . . ] to a place called Estanco Velho. In spite of the fact that this is not a coeval source the results are coherent with the reports of Madeira Island. At Albufeira those that escaped the earthquake could not escape from the sea” (MDJF, 1756). The priest reports in “Memórias Paroquiais”(IANTT, 1758) [. . . ]the sea out of its limits entered the city and took all the quartier of Saint Ana, that included 7 streets, and many more houses, without leaving, in its flux and reflux any sign of the houses and made many casualties [. . . ]. The newspaper Gazeta de Lisboa (1755), reports: ”[. . . ]when the sea retreated took the fortress [. . . ] and the whole city of Albufeira [. . . ] leaving lots of fish in fields [. . . ] (Baptista and Miranda, 2009). Baptista and Miranda (2009) report that the city of Faro was protected against tsunami effects. According to the report of Castro (1786): “[. . . ] Faro had the fortune that its river was on low tide [. . . ]. We could see the rising of the waves at the coast in such height that each one (all together) mounted the island without splitting itself. Entering the river [. . . ] distributed in an number of foam waves[. . . ]in the city they cause minor impression, where the waters did not exceed the limits of a great tide [. . . ]” (Castro, 1786). “[. . . ] suffered the same calamity, submerging half of the place with all their houses never seen afterwards [. . . ] (MDJF, 1756). Baptista and Miranda (2009), quoting Costa et al. (2005) that report Relacam, 1756, write that at Monte Gordo - Tavira,- The waves took all the huts from Monte Gordo beach, where there was commerce of fisheries, till the Conceicao de Tavira, and destroyed all the islands (barrier islands) on the shore till Quarteira . At Castro Marim the sea incursion made remarkable damage (MDJF, 1756). In the Azores islands the earthquake was felt in most of the islands but no damage. The sea made violent fluxes and refluxes, at Terceira island; some ships were in danger here (Mendonca, 1758). Travel time 100 min. According to Andrade et al. (2006) at Terceira “a flood occurred, which drowned the southern low-lying fields leaving behind many kinds of fish.... The flood severely damaged the southern coast of this island, destroying many houses, infilling pastures and farm land, obstructing roads and demolishing fortifications.”. At Porto Judeu the sea level raised ten palms [2.20 m] above the highest stack, an extraordinary and never seen tidal flow and ebb and the ebb was so low that the mooring anchors of the ships have been left dry (Andrade et al., 2006). At Angra the flood reached the Praca dos Cosmes [main square, circa 250 m inland and 15 m elevation] and the ebb left some of the ships aground, destroyed the walls of the customs building and swept offshore all the vessels beached at Porto das Pipas (Andrade et al., 2006). At Vila da Praia, on the eastern coast of Terceira, similar descriptions of three “unprecedented tides” are reported as well as “the retreat of the sea during a large amount of time.each flood rushed trough the port of this village and drowned the Paul da Praia [wetland located 750 m inland].until the place of Ribeira Seca [6-7 km alongshore southward] demolishing 15 houses a fundamentis (Andrade et al., 2006). According to Andrade et al. (2006) at Flores and Corvo falling of the sea out of its natural course, leaving the seafloor uncovered for a distance [sic] of more than 100 fathoms and rushing back inland for the same distance or slightly less. At S. Miguel island rushing of the sea trough the streets of Ponta Delgada ruining many constructions; maximum runup height of 4-5 m judging from the present-day morphology (Andrade et al., 2006). At Faial, three progressively higher waves flooded the shore drowning the ribeira da Conceicao [Conceicao creek] mills with a water height of 8 palms [1.76 m] and then receded so much that the ships' keel almost touched the bottom of the sea.several boats and a brigantine that were beached have been swept offshore (Andrade et al., 2006). The greatest waves observed at Lisbon (Tagus estuary, run-up of 5 m), in Algarve (run-up about 10), at Cadiz (run-up about 15 m), in Madeira (run-up about 4 m) and in north Morocco. In England historical observations by Borlase (1755) and Borlase (1765) describe the arrival of the tsunami in Mount's Bay Cornwall: 4 waves, the rebounds of the sea continuing for two hours. At Larmorna cove, Cornwall, eye-witness accounts of the arrival of this tsunami (Edmonds, 1846). According to Dawson et al. (2000) large rounded blocks of granite from below low-water mark were swept along like pebbles, and many of them deposited far beyond high water mark. One large block, weighting probably 6 or 8 ton, was borne repeatedly to and fro several feet above the level of high water, and at length deposited about ten feet above that level in the stream, where it still lies. In Scilly islands sand sheets were deposited (Huxham, 1755; Foster et al., 1993). The duration of tsunami inundation is estimated to have lasted for 4 h from circa 2 p.m. until 6 p.m. (Dawson et al., 2000). An estimate of the tsunami run-up (2-3 m) has been made by Foster et al. (1991). At Plymouth in Stonehouse Creek sediment deposition observed (Huxham, 1755). In Norway seiches in several lakes, and large motions along the coast (probably also seiches rather than the original tsunami), were observed (Spidberg, 1758; Jørstad, 1968; Strøm, 1766). Dawson et al. (2000) refer that there is some evidence to indicate that the Lisbon 1755 tsunami was not solely caused by a seabed fault. Recently a large turbidite/submarine slide complex has been identified on the seafloor adjacent to the Gorringe Bank and tentatively dated to AD 1755. This discovery raises the possibility that the tsunami was partly generated by an earthquake-triggered fault on the seabed and partly by a submarine sediment sliding. Coeval sources are: Several Authors (1756a); Grendon (1757); Padilha (1757); Sousa de, L., (1767); Sousa de Oliveira (1755); Tavares (1756); Anonymous (1755a, b, c, d, e, f, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s,w), Anonymous, (1756, 1756a); Anymous (1833); Santo Alberto (1757); Lopez de Amezua (1755); Benicio (1757); Carvalho (1755); Figueiredo (1756); Franca (1757); Francez (1755); Matos (1756); Pereira (1756); Remedios (1756);Corte- Real (1756); Roche (1756); Sacramento (1755); Silva da F.C (1756); Silva da J.A. (1756); Ortiz Gallardo, (1756); Several Authors (1756b); Cunha Franca, (1757); Saint (1755); Barco (1756); Moreno (1929), D.J.M.F., (1756,. Pedegache, (1756). Coeval newspapers: Anonymous, (1755g); Anonymous, (1755h); Anonymous, (1755); Anonymous, (1755i); Anonymous, (1756 b); Anonymous, (1756c); Anonymous, (1756d); Anonymous, (1755t), Anonymous, (1755u), Anonymous, (1755v). Studies: Chagas (1874); Reid (1914); Pereira de Sousa (1914, 1919, 1911); Gustavino Gallent (1948); Guillen (1956); Machado (1966); Scudder and Roscioni (1964); Sousa de Andrade (1955); Carozzi (1983); Magaly (1975); Presmanes (1978); Schmidt (1978); Martinez Solares et al. (1979); Levret (1979); Abe (1989); Campos Romero (1992, 1991b); Campos Romero and Sierra Gomez (1987); Mendes Victor et al. (1991); Mendes Victor and Martins (1991); Sierra Gomez (1992); Senos et al. (1994); Andrade F. (1964); Andrade C. (1992); Andrade et al. (1994); Dawson et al. (1995); Hindson et al. (1996). Abe K., (1989). Size of great earthquakes of 1837-1974 inferred from tsunami data. Journal of Geophysical Research, B4, 84, 1561-1568. Abranches J. C., (1877). Convulsões da Terra. Noticias destes phenomenos. Typographia de Manoel Corrêa Botelho, Ponta Delgada. (in Portuguese) Baptista M.A. And Miranda J.M., (2009). Revision of the Portuguese catalog of tsunamis. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 25–42. Andrade C., (1992). Tsunami generated forms in the Algarve Barrier Islands. Science of Tsunami Hazards, 10, 21-33. Andrade C., Hindson R., Freitas C. and Dawson A. G., (1994). Sedimentary evidence of tsunami flooding in Algarve coastal lowlands. Littoral - 94 (Proceedings) - EUROCOAST, 1035-1036. Andrade C., Borges P., Freitas M.C., (2006). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 156, Issues 1-2, 172-185. Anonymous, (1755a). Breve descripção dos effeitos calamitosos, que nesta cidade de Coimbra se experimentarão nascidos do grande terremoto. Lisboa (in Portuguese) Anonymous, (1755b). Carta Anónima, Lisboa, 18 de Novembro de 1755, Terramoto de 1755 - Testemunhos Britânicos. Colectânea de relatos do séc. XVIII, Lisóptima Edições, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Anonymous, (1755c). Lisboa destruida. Poema tragico em tres campos nos quaes se descreve o formidavel terremoto de 1755, e outros horriveis danos. Lisboa (in Portuguese). Anonymous, (1755d). Memoria dos terremotos, naufragios e tempestades, e subversões que tem havido em Portugal. Manuscript of the Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Anonymous, (1755e). Noticias de lo acaecido en el Reyno de Portugal de resultar del terremoto, experimentado el día primero de Noviembre de este presente año de 1755. Imprenta de D. Joseph Navarro e Armido, Sevilla (in Spanish). Anonymous, (1755f). Novissima noticia, e previa, que dá o autor a quam a ler. Manuscript, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisboa (in Portuguese) Anonymous, (1755l). Nueva relación de lo acaecido en la ciudad de Lisboa, corte de El Fidelissimo Rey de Portugal, el día primero de Noviembre de este año en la coniuracon de todos quatro elementos, que le acometieron en el Terremoto, aire, fuego, y agua, temblor que padeció á las diez de mañana : desgracias ocasionadas, con pèrdida de innumerables personas, y entre ellas el Señor Conde de Peraleda, Embaxador de su Magestad Catholica en aquella Corte. Imprenta de D. Joseph Navarro Ed., 2 partes, Sevilla (in Spanish). Anonymous, (1755m). Nueva relación en que se refieren los horrorosos estragos, que ha causado en la ciudad de Lisboa, corte de Portugal, el terremoto del dia primero de Noviembre de este año 1755, con lo demas que verà el curioso lector. Imprenta de Joseph Padrino, 2hs, Sevilla (in Spanish). Anonymous, (1755n). Nuevo y curioso romance del estrago causado el día de Todos Santos en la Villa de Huelva, declarase como reventó la mar, y el Rio pereciendo mas de dos mil personas, arruinados los templos y las casas y assistiendo los pocos vecinos que han quedado en chozas, dando noticia como cayendo en el Convento de la Victoria parte de su templo y Altar mayor, entre sus ruinas se encontró el Sagrario todo rompido menos el Sagrado Copón que lo cubria milagrosamente un medio ladrillo, con otras particularidades. Imprenta de D. Joseph Padrino, Universidade de Coimbra, Catalogo da collecçao de Miscelaneâs, V, 6860 (in Spanish). Anonymous, (1755o). Relação do grande terremoto, que houve na Praça de Mazagam em o primeiro de Novembro de 1755. Referem-se os seus effeitos, e ruinas que causou, e brevemente se mostra de que procedem os tremores de terra, Lisboa, 1755. Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Anonymous, (1755p). Relação do mais horrivel terremoto que se vio em Portugal, especialmente na cidade de Lisboa, e seu Patriarcado em o primeiro de Novembro de 1755. Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Anonymous, (1755q). Terremoto succedido em o primeiro de Novembro de 1755. Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Anonymous, (1755r). Verdadera relación del lamentable estrago, que ha ocasionado el horroroso terremoto acaecido el día primero de Noviembre del año de 1755 en la peninsula de España, Reyno de Portugal, Alemania, Cantones Suizos, Bohemia y paises del Africa : con un extracto de todas las desgracias y ruinas sacado de las cartas y relaciones autenticas de cada parage., Pablo Campins Impressor, 48 pp., Calle de Amargòs, Barcelona (in Spanish). Anonymous, (1755s). Account of the earthquakes that happened in Barbary on the 1st, 18th and 19th November 1755. Manuscript, C.O.91/12 Public Record Office, Gibraltar Archives, Kew, London. Anonymous, (1755w). Noticia individual que da la Academia de la Historia del terremoto de 1º de Noviembre de 1755 por orden del Rey Nuestro Señor a quien la dedica. Manuscript, Bib. Real Acad.de la Historia Madrid, R/25-5c, n. 91, pp 367 (in Spanish). Anonymous, (1755). Breve compendio de las innumerables lamentables ruinas, y lastimosos estragos, que à la violencia y conjuracion de todos los quatro elementos experiment la grand Ciudad y Corte de Lisboa el dia primero de Noviembre de este año de 1755. Barcelona, Teresa Piferrer (in Spanish). Anonymous, (1755g) Gazeta de Lisboa, n. 46, 13 de Novembro de 1755, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Anonymous, (1755h). Gazeta de Lisboa, n. 47, 20 de Novembro de 1755, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Anonymous, (1755i). La Gazette Française d' Amsterdam, CIII, Des Nouvelles d'Amsterdam, 26 Decembre 1755. Anonymous, (1755t). Wienerisches Diarium, n. 99, Wednesday 10 December 1755. Anonymous, (1755u). Wienerisches Diarium, 29 November 1755. Anonymous, (1755v). Wienerisches Diarium, n. 94, Saturday 22 November 1755. Anonymous, (1756c). Gazette de Colgne. Avec privilège de Sa Majeste Imperiale, Janvier 1756.(In French) Anonymous, (1756d). Gazette de Amsterdam. Avec privilège de Nos Seigneurs les Etats De Hollande et de West-Frise, 23 Janvier 1756. (In French). Anonymous, (1756). Copia de huma carta escrita pelo Padre Guardian do Real Convento de Maquinés, e Vice-Prefeito das Santas Missoens que nas partes da Barbaria conserva a Religiosa Provincia de São Diogo dos RR. PP. Franciscanos Descalços. Acharse-ha no Adro de S. Domingos, e na Officina de Manoel Soares defronte de N. Senhora da Pena, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Anonymous, (1756a). Destruição de Lisboa, e famosa desgraça que padeceo no primeiro de Novembro de 1755. 15, [1 br] p, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Biblioteca Sociedade Martins Sarmento, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Anonymous, (1756b). Gazeta de Lisboa, n. 11, 18 de Março de 1756, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Anonymous, (1833). Terremotos notaveis em todos os tempos. Terremoto de Lisboa de 1755. Noticias várias, Manuscript of the Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Araujo, L. A. de, (1801). Memoria chronologica dos tremores mais Notaveis e irrupções de fogo, acontecidos nas Ilhas dos Açores, com a relaçao dos tremores que houverão nesta Ilha Terceira Desde 24 de Junho de 1800, até 4 de Setembro immediato. Typografia Chalcographica e Litteraria do Arco do Cego, 24 pp., Lisboa (in Portuguese). Baptista M. A.; Heitor, S.; Miranda, J. M.; Miranda, P. & Mendes Victor, L., (1998). The 1755 33 Lisbon tsunami; evaluation of the tsunami parameters. J. Geodynamics, 25, 143-157. Baptista M.A., Miranda, J.M., Chierici, F., Zitellini, N., (2003a). New study of the 1755 earthquake source based on multi-channel seismic survey data and tsunami modeling. Nat. Hazards Earth Sci. Syst. 3, 333–340. Baptista MA, MA Gutscher, JM Miranda, (2003b). New Simulation Of The 1755 Tsunami Source Using A Composite Subduction Source, EOS Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T51D-0197. Barco y Gasca A. J., (1756). Cartas del Doctor D. Antonio Jacob del Barco, satisfaciendo algunas perguntas curiosas sobre el terremoto de 1 de Noviembre de 1755. Discursos Mercuriales, vol III, n.XIII, 565-605 (in Spanish). Benicio D. F., (1757). Sermão da quinta dominga da Quaresma, exposto em a Igreja Matriz do Corpo Santo em Pernambuco no anno de 1756. Havendo chegado a noticia da grande ruina de Portugal, dedicado ao Senhor Capitão Antonío José Brandão. Oficina de Miguel Manescal da Costa, Impressor do Santo Officio, 6 pp., Lisboa (in Portuguese). Berninghausen W.H., (1964). Tsunamis and seismic seiches reported from the eastern Atlantic south of the Bay of Biscay. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 54, 439-442. Borlase W., (1755). Letter to the Rev. Charles Lyttleton, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 49-58, Letter 15, 373-378. Borlase W., (1765). Observations on the islands of Scilly. Reprinted in 1966, Frank Graham, Newcastle upon Tyne. Campos Romero M. L. and Sierra Gomez J., (1987). Evaluación de los posibles daños que produciría un maremoto similar al originado por el sismo de Lisboa de 1755 en la costa de Cádiz-Huelva. Proceedings of the V Asamblea Nacional de Geodesia y Geofísica, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Madrid, 733-745 (in Spanish). Campos Romero M. L., (1991a). Tsunami Hazard on the Spanish coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, Science of Tsunami Hazards, 9, 83-90. Campos Romero M. L., (1992). El riesgo de tsunamis en España. Análisis y valoración geográfica. Monografía del Instituto Geográfico Nacional, n. 9, pp. 204, Madrid (in Spanish). Campos Romero M. L., (1991b). El riesgo de tsunamis en la provincia de Cádiz. Proceedings of the VII Asamblea Nacional de Geodesia y Geofísica, San Fernando Cádiz (in Spanish). Carozzi M., (1983). Reaction of British Colonies in America to 1755 Lisbon earthquake, a comparison to the European response. Earth Science History, 2, 17-27. Carvalho Theotónio Gomes de, (1755). Elegia no lamentavel terremoto do dia primero de Novembro do anno de 1755 experimentado com mais tragicos effeitos na corte, e na cidade de Lisboa. Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Chagas M. P., (1874). O terremoto de Lisboa. Romance Original. Livraria Editora de Mattos Moreira, 191 pp., Lisboa (in Portuguese). Chambers, C., (1757). Another Account of the Same Earthquake at Madeira in a Letter from Charles Chambers to his Father, in London, dated at Madeira, Novem. I, 1755, Communicated by Lewis Crusius, D. D. F. R. S., Lett. XVIII, for the Year 1756, Philosophical Transactions, Vol. XLIX, Part II, London. Corte-Real, Francisco de Vasconcelos e Sande, (1756). Nova instrucçam filosofica estabelecida em varios experimentos, systemas, e observações pertencentes á mathematica, principalmente a Artilheria, Astrologia, Metheoros, e Musica, em que evidentemente se demostra, que os tres elementos do Fogo, do Ar, e da Agoa sãoas causas principaes, que dimovem as convulsoes, e tremore da Terra; e tratando dos dous terremotos, que se experimentarão em Lisboa, do primeiro do mez de Novembro, do segundo de Março proximo, expende as particulares razoen de mayor intençam : a estenção doespaço, que abrange o primeiro, da circustancia do ruido, e estrondo, de succeder de na manhaã pela crescença do dia, e no mez de Novembro: da maior duração do segundo, de ter succedido de manhaã pela conjunção do meyo dia, e no mez de Março, infringindo por ultimo a fé, e o credito, que o vulgo costuma tributar aos Prognosticos, que fazem os Reportorios de qualquer Terremotos futuros. Officina de Antonio Vicente da Silva, 24 pp., Lisboa (in Portuguese). França F. da Cunha, (1757). Extensão do dictame, ou parecer do Reverendissimo P. Mestre Fr. Bento Feijoo, do Conselho de sua Majestade Catholica, à cerca das causas dos terremotos, explorado pelo lic. Joaõ de Zuniga; em carta escripta a hum amigo. Officina de Manoel Soares, 66 pp., Lisboa (in Portuguese). D. J. M. F. De, (1756). Theatro lamentavel: scena funesta relaçao verdadeira do terremoto do primeiro de Novembro de 1755 Com a noticia do estrago, que cauzou em Lisboa, e suas vizinhanças, ruina do reino do Algarve e sustos de todo o Portugal. Cauza natural, e mystica do mesmo. Escrevia D.J.F.M. em A. Na Universidade de Coimbra: Na Officina de Francisco de Oliveira, Impressor da Universidade, 21 pp., Coimbra (in Portuguese). Dawson A. G. and Shi S., (2000). Tsunami Deposits. Pure and Appl. Geophys., 157, 875-897. Dawson A. G., Hindson R., Andrade C., Freitas C., Parish R. and Bateman M., (1995). Tsunami sedimentation associated with the Lisbon earthquake of November the 1st 1755 AD: Boca do Rio, Algarve, Portugal. The Holocene, 5 (2), 209-215. Dawson A. G., Musson R. M. W., Foster I. D. L., Brunsden D., (2000). Abnormal historic sea-surface fluctuations, SW England. Marine Geology, 170 pp. 59-68. Edmonds R., (1846). An account of an extraordinary movement of the sea in Cornwall, in July, 1843, with notices of similar movements in previous years, and also of earthquakes which have occurred in Cornwall. British Association for the Advancement of Science, 38, 111-121. Ellicot, J., (1757). Letter to Tilman Henkel, Esq. Merchant in London, concerning the Eartqhuake at Oporto in Portugal, Nov. 1. 1755, Communicated by Mr. John Ellicot, F. R. S., Lett. VIII, for the Year 1756 Philosophical Transactions, Vol. XLIX, Part II, London. Estevam J., (1953). Os terramotos e a Ponte sobre o Tejo. Separata da Revista Municipal de Lisboa, n. 57, Lisboa. (in Portuguese). Andrade F., (1964). A Vila de Cascais e o terramoto de 1755. 2nd Ed., Edição da Camara Municipal de Cascais, 55 pp., Cascais (in Portuguese). Figueiredo A. da Silva, (1756). Descripçao antologica physico-moral do terremoto, e lamentavel estrago de Lisboa no primeiro de Novembro de 1755. Officina Patriarcal de Francisco Luiz Ameno, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Foster I. D. L., Albon A. J., Bardell K. M., Fletcher J. L., Jardine T. C., Mothers R. J., Pritchard M. A. and Turner S. E., (1991). High energy coastal sedimentary deposits: an evaluation of depositional processes in south-west England. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16, Issue 4, 341-356. Foster I. D. L., Dawson A. G., Dawson S., Lees J. A. and Mansfield L., (1993). Tsunami sedimentation sequences in the Scilly Isles, south-west England, Science of Tsunami Hazards, 11, 35-46. França F. da Cunha, (1757). Extensão do dictame, ou parecer do Reverendissimo P. Mestre Fr. Bento Feijoo, do Conselho de sua Majestade Catholica, à cerca das causas dos terremotos, explorado pelo lic. Joaõ de Zuniga; em carta escripta a hum amigo. Officina de Manoel Soares, 66 pp., Lisboa (in Portuguese). Francez D., (1755). Almak universal para o anno de 1757. Calculado e ajustado na lunação ao meridiano de Lisboa, pela altura do nosso Pólo, Officina de Manoel Soares, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Grendon P., (1757). Considerações sobre os terremotos, com a noticia dos mais consideraveis, de que faz menção a história, e deste último, que se sentio na Europa. Officina de Joseph Filipe, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Guillen J., (1956). En el segundo centenario del maremoto de Cádiz (1755). Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, 139, 107-158 (in Spanish). Gustavino Gallent G., (1948). El terremoto de 1755 en Marruecos, Africa., Revista de Acción Española, 81/82, 321-325 (in Spanish). Heberden Th., (1756). LIX. LETTER XVII. An account of the Earthquake in the Island of Madeira, Nov. 1, 1755. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. XLIX (I) 432-434. Heck N.H., (1947). List of seismic sea waves, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 37, 269-286. Nozes J., (1990). O terramoto de 1755: testemunhos britânicos. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal. Hindson R.A., Andrade C. and Dawson A. G., (1996). Sedimentary processes associated with the tsunami generated by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake on the Algarve coast, Portugal. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 21, 12, 57-63. Huxham J., (1755). Letter to Mr William Watson. FRS. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, LIX, Part I, 371-373. JørstadF. A., (1968). Waves generated by landslides in Norwegian fjords and lakes. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, n.79, 13-31. Krogh T.G., (1755). Church book of Davik Parish. Sogn og Fjordane. Kvale A., (1955). Seismic seiches in Norway and England during the Assam earthquake of August 15, 1950. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 45, 93-113. Levret A., (1979). The effects of November 1st 1755 Lisbon earthquake in Morocco. Tectonophysics, 193, 83-94. Lopes J. B. Da Silva, (1841). Corographia ou memoria economica, estadistica e topografica do Reino do Algarve. Typografia da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, 694 pp., Lisboa (in Portuguese). Lopez de Amezua F., (1755). Carta philosophica sobre el terremoto que se sintió en Madrid, y en toda esta Península el día primero de Noviembre de 1755. Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisboa (in Spanish). Machado F., (1966). Contribuição para o estudo do terramoto de 1 de Novembro de 1755, Separata da Revista da Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Série II-C, Vol. XIV, fasc.13, 19-31 (in Portuguese). Magaly M., (1975). Le tremblement de terre de 1755, d'après des témoignages d' époque. Hesperis Tamuda, Morocco, Vol. 16, fascicule unique, 89-98 (in French). Martinez Solares J. M., Lopez Arroyo A. and Mezcua Rodriguez J., (1979). Isoseismal map of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake obtained from Spanish data. Tectonophysics, 53, 301-313. Matos J. Xavier de, (1756). Romance heroico ao terremoto do primeiro de Novembro de 1755, Officina de Manoel Soares,8 pp., Lisboa (in Portuguese). Mendes Victor L. and Martins I., (1991). Medium-term earthquake prediction on the west margin of Iberia. Abstracts of the VI Meeting of the European Union of Geosciences, Strasbourg, Terra Abstracts 3, p 167. Mendes Victor L., Baptista M. A. and Simões J., (1991). Destructive earthquakes and tsunami warning system. Terra Nova, 3, 119-121. Mendonça, J.J. Moreira de, (1758). Historia universal dos Terramotos que tem havido no mundo de que ha noticia, desde a sua creação até o século presente.Officina de Antonio Vicente da Silva, pp 113, Lisboa. (in Portuguese). Moreira V. S., (1968). Tsunamis observados em Portugal. Serviço Meteorológico Nacional, Publicação Geo 134, pp 17, Lisboa (in Portuguese). Moreno T., (1929). Copia de un carta escrita por un profesor salmantino a un amigo suyo de esta corte, en que se descubre la verdadera causa physica, y natural del Terremoto experimentado en esta Península de España el dia primero de Noviembre de este año de 1755. Las Matemáticas, Biblioteca Nacional, Ref R/34858, pp.U755, Madrid (in Spanish). Oliveira M. de, (no date). Syncope universal historico em que em brevissima summa se descrivem, recupiladas, as mais celebres histórias do Mundo, 1^ parte, manuscript, Reserved Section of the Lisbon National Library, Codice 11004, Lisboa (in Portuguese, no date). Ortiz Gallardo I., (1756). Lecciones entretenidas, y curiosas, phisico-astrologica-metereologicas sobre la generacion, causas, y señales de los terremotos, y especialmente de las causas, señales, y varios efectos del sucedido en España en el dia primiero de Noviembre del pasado de 1755. Dedicadas al Señor D. Diego de Torres Villaroel. Impr. Real de Diego de Haro, 26 pp., Sevilla (in Spanish). Padilha M. 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