Rovida A., Antonucci A., 2021. EPICA - European PreInstrumental earthquake CAtalogue, version 1.1. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). https://doi.org/10.13127/epica.1.1 [link ]
Stucchi M., Rovida A., Gomez Capera A.A., Alexandre P., Camelbeeck T., Demircioglu M.B., Gasperini P., Kouskouna V., Musson R.M.W., Radulian M., Sesetyan K., Vilanova S., Baumont D., Bungum H., Fäh D., Lenhardt W., Makropoulos K., Martinez Solares J.M., Scotti O., Živcic M., Albini P., Batllo J., Papaioannou C., Tatevossian R., Locati M., Meletti C., Viganò D., Giardini D., 2013. The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1000-1899. Journal of Seismology, 17, 2, 523-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-012-9335-2 [link ][Other earthquakes from this study]
Ambraseys N.N., 1985a. The seismicity of western Scandinavia. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 13, 3, 361-399. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290130309 [link ]
Ahjos T., Uski M., 1992. Earthquakes in Northern Europe in 1375-1989. Tectonophysics, 207, 1-2, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90469-M [link ][Other earthquakes from this study]
Muir Wood R., Woo G., 1987. The historical seismicity of the Norwegian Continental Shelf. ELOCS Rep. 2-1, Principia mechanica Ltd., London, 121 pp.
Houtgast G., 1992. Catalogus aardbevingen in Nederland. Koninklijk Nederlandsch Meteorologisch Instituut (179), De Bilt, 166 pp. [Other earthquakes from this study]
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Muir Wood R., 1988. The Scandinavian Earthquakes of 22 December 1759 and 31 August 1819. Disasters, 12, 3, 223-236. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1988.tb00672.x
The two largest known pre-1850 Scandinavian earthquakes are the 22 December 1759 Kattegat event (located at 57.7°N-11.1°E) and the 31 August 1819 Nordland event (located at 66.4°N-14.4°E), the latter being the largest north European near-shore earthquake of the past few centuries. The 22 December 1759 event caused minor damage to buildings (MMI VII) on either side of the Kattegat in Northern Jutland and in the Swedish province of Bohuslän, and was felt up to 600 km away. The 31 August 1819 earthquake caused widespread damage (MMI VIII) to stone components of wooden buildings in the sparsely populated region of Nordland Norway, as well as very extensive rockfalls, liquefaction phenomena and a remarkable variety of disturbances in fiords and in the sea. The earthquake was felt throughout northern Scandinavia over distances of up to 800 km.
Ambraseys N.N., 1985a. The seismicity of western Scandinavia. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 13, 3, 361-399. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290130309
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an evaluation of the seismicity of western Scandinavia. Intensities, with reference to the MSK scale, have been assessed for the larger earthquakes, in most cases from primary sources, and isoseismal maps have been constructed for the most important events, while for smaller shocks one or more isoseismal radii were estimated. In all, over 3,200 earthquakes have been retrieved for Northwest Europe including about 300 artificial events such as chemical explosions, rock-bursts and mine explosions. Of these, 500 events occurred in western Scandinavia. Surface-wave magnitudes were reassessed for 205 events, using surface-wave amplitude-period data, and all earthquakes recorded by more than 6 stations were relocated for the period prior to 1955. A calibration formula, obtained from the combination of macroseismic and instrumental data of the 20th century, has been used to assign magnitudes to all events for which there is macroseismic information available, thus deriving a homogeneous body of data covering a period of 180 years. It is shown that the largest earthquake in the region since 1800 occurred on land and that it had a magnitude in excess of 6.0. This is contrary to the current belief, based on short-term data, that the larger events in western Fennoscandia occur offshore in the continental shelf areas.